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| 1511 |
| | | The Portuguese take control of Malacca, in the Malay peninsula, as a base for trade further east | |
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| 1512 |
| | | The Portuguese make treaties in the Moluccas (or Spice Islands), to trade in cloves and nutmeg | |
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| 1548 |
| | | La Paz is founded on the trade route between Lima and the newly discovered silver mines at Potosi | |
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| c. 1550 |
| | | Spanish galleons assemble each year at Portobelo to deliver European goods and to ship home the metals of Latin America | |
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| 1555 |
| | | The Muscovy Company is granted a monopoly by the crown to trade with Russia, as the first of the English chartered companies | |
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| 1557 |
| | | The Portuguese establish a trading post on Macao, a small peninsula off the south coast of China | |
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| c. 1570 |
| | | Privateers frequent the Spanish main to plunder the richly laden caravels on their way home to Europe | |
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| 1579 |
| | | Francis Drake seizes a Spanish vessel laden with gold and silver in the Pacific, formerly a safe area for Spain | |
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| 1587 |
| | | Venice opens the first modern bank (the Banco della Piazza di Rialto) for safe deposits and credit transfers | |
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| 1595 |
| | | The first Dutch expedition round the Cape reaches Java and secures trading agreements | |
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